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India and the United States share a complex and multifaceted relationship, characterized by periods of cooperation, competition, and divergence. The post-Cold War era, particularly after the 1990s, marked a significant shift in India-US relations, transforming them from a phase of Cold War-era rivalry to one of strategic partnership. The evolving nature of this relationship can…

Indian foreign policy is shaped by a combination of historical factors, geopolitical considerations, economic needs, and strategic interests. The key determinants that influence India’s foreign policy include: In conclusion, India’s foreign policy is a complex and multifaceted approach influenced by historical, geopolitical, economic, and strategic factors. It seeks to protect its sovereignty, enhance economic growth,…

The ‘Nehruvian Consensus’ refers to the set of guiding principles and policies formulated by Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, which shaped the country’s foreign policy in the early years after its independence in 1947. This consensus, primarily influenced by Nehru’s ideals and vision, became the cornerstone of Indian foreign policy for several decades and…

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) plays a central role in shaping and implementing India’s foreign policy. As the government body responsible for managing India’s external relations, the MEA works closely with the Prime Minister, the Cabinet, and various other government agencies to formulate and execute the country’s foreign policy objectives. The Ministry acts as…

Indo-Russian relations have undergone significant transformations since the end of the Cold War, with both challenges and opportunities shaping the trajectory of their bilateral ties. Before the Cold War, India and the Soviet Union shared a close relationship, rooted in mutual strategic, political, and economic interests. However, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in…

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union in South Asia, established on December 8, 1985. It was created with the primary objective of promoting regional cooperation and development in South Asia. The organization aims to improve the lives of the people of South Asia by fostering…

Pokhran-II, also known as Operation Shakti, refers to a series of five nuclear tests conducted by India on May 11 and 13, 1998, at the Pokhran Test Range in Rajasthan. This event marked India’s second major nuclear weapons testing after the first successful test in 1974, known as Smiling Buddha. The decision to conduct Pokhran-II…

Indian foreign policy has been influenced by a wide range of factors, including historical experiences, economic imperatives, security concerns, and regional dynamics. Among these, political parties have played a crucial role in shaping India’s foreign policy. While the country’s foreign policy has traditionally been formulated by the Executive Branch, primarily the Prime Minister, Ministry of…

Indira Gandhi, India’s first and only female Prime Minister to date, played a pivotal role in shaping the country’s foreign policy. Serving as the Prime Minister from 1966-1977 and again from 1980-1984, her tenure saw major shifts in India’s international relations, as well as significant transformations in its approach to global challenges. Indira Gandhi’s foreign…

Parliamentary committees are essential components of the parliamentary system in India, playing a crucial role in facilitating the legislative process and ensuring effective governance. These committees, which are formed by members of the Parliament, enable detailed examination and analysis of various legislative, financial, and administrative matters. They help in scrutinizing issues that might not receive…

India has been an active participant in peacekeeping operations (PKOs) under the United Nations (UN) since its early days of independence. The country has contributed significantly to maintaining peace and stability in various regions affected by conflict. India’s involvement in peacekeeping is guided by its commitment to global peace, its strategic interests, and its role…

The concept of the New World Order (NWO) refers to the shifting global power dynamics and the emergence of a new structure of international relations in the post-Cold War era. It became widely discussed after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the dissolution…