Category: Uncategorized

International terrorism refers to terrorist activities that transcend national borders and involve non-state actors or groups engaging in acts of violence with global implications. These acts are typically aimed at achieving political, ideological, or religious goals and can target civilian populations, infrastructure, or governments. International terrorism is distinct in that it involves cross-border coordination, global…

Pokhran-II refers to a series of nuclear tests conducted by India in May 1998 at the Pokhran Test Range in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. These tests were a follow-up to India’s first nuclear test, Smiling Buddha, which was carried out in 1974. Pokhran-II was a significant milestone in India’s nuclear capabilities, as it demonstrated…

The role of the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) in India has evolved significantly over the years, especially in the domain of foreign policy-making. Traditionally, foreign policy in India was managed by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), but over time, the PMO has gained substantial influence in shaping the country’s international relations. This shift has…

The Kashmir conflict is one of the most longstanding and complex disputes between India and Pakistan, with its roots stretching back to the partition of British India in 1947. The issue of Kashmir is not merely a territorial dispute but also encompasses deep-seated cultural, religious, political, and strategic dimensions. The importance of Kashmir in India-Pakistan…

India’s relationship with Southeast Asia has evolved over time, particularly in the domain of security cooperation. The region is of strategic importance to India, and India has sought to build stronger security ties with Southeast Asian nations to safeguard its interests in the Indo-Pacific region. This cooperation spans areas like counterterrorism, maritime security, disaster relief,…

The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) is a critical institution in India’s governance structure, functioning as the principal mechanism for supporting and advising the Prime Minister (PM) in the formulation and implementation of policies. It is not a constitutional body, but it plays a crucial role in the administration and day-to-day functioning of the government. 1….

The National Security Council (NSC) is the apex body responsible for addressing issues related to India’s national security. It functions as an advisory body to the Prime Minister and is tasked with formulating policies related to the country’s security and defense, including internal and external threats, economic security, and cyber security. 1. Establishment and Purpose…

India’s worldview has undergone several transformations since its independence in 1947. These transformations are the result of changing geopolitical environments, shifts in global power structures, and India’s domestic political landscape. Initially driven by the post-colonial context, India’s foreign policy was founded on the principles of sovereignty, self-reliance, and the desire to avoid colonial dominance or…

The perspective of interdependence plays a central role in understanding contemporary world politics. It refers to the complex web of connections and relationships that bind countries and regions together in economic, political, social, environmental, and technological spheres. Interdependence challenges traditional ideas of sovereign, self-reliant nation-states and suggests that no country operates in complete isolation. Instead,…

Non-alignment and the Nehruvian Consensus were the cornerstones of India’s foreign policy during the post-independence era. These concepts played a vital role in shaping India’s position on the global stage, particularly during the Cold War. Both Non-alignment and the Nehruvian Consensus are rooted in India’s aspirations for sovereignty, peace, and the equitable development of nations,…

India’s economic status has had a profound impact on the formulation and execution of its foreign policy. Economic strength and vulnerability have consistently shaped India’s diplomatic engagements, guiding its strategic choices and its relations with both neighboring countries and global powers. India’s economic journey from independence to the present has been characterized by various phases,…

The role of peacekeeping in Sri Lanka is a significant aspect of India’s foreign policy, especially in the context of regional security dynamics and the country’s relationship with its neighbors. Peacekeeping operations in Sri Lanka have evolved over the decades, with India’s involvement being both direct and indirect. The primary goal has been to manage…