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The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), established in 1961, was a coalition of countries that sought to remain neutral during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. The movement, initiated by leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana), and Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), emerged as a platform for…

The making of Indian foreign policy has traditionally been the domain of the government and the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA). However, in recent decades, social movements, NGOs, and think tanks have increasingly played important roles in shaping and influencing India’s foreign policy. 3.1 Social Movements: Social movements in India, such as those advocating for…

India’s engagement with South-East Asia has evolved significantly over the past few decades, transitioning from limited interactions to a comprehensive strategic partnership. This transformation is primarily driven by the “Act East Policy,” which aims to enhance economic, political, and cultural ties with the region.(Wikipedia) 5.1 Historical Context India’s historical connections with South-East Asia date back…

Definition and Conceptual Basis: Humanitarian intervention refers to the use of military or non-military force by a state or a group of states within the territory of another sovereign state, without the consent of its government, with the primary aim of preventing or stopping widespread human suffering, especially in the case of gross human rights…

Understanding the Debate: The environment versus development debate is one of the central dilemmas in modern public policy and global discourse. It revolves around the challenge of achieving economic development, especially in the Global South, without causing irreparable damage to the environment. The core question is: how can nations pursue industrial growth, infrastructure expansion, and…

India’s foreign policy is based on a set of clear and consistent objectives aimed at safeguarding its national interests, promoting regional stability, and enhancing its global stature. Since its independence in 1947, India has pursued an independent and non-aligned foreign policy, focusing on peace, development, and the welfare of its people. The primary objectives of…

The media plays a crucial role in shaping the public discourse, informing citizens, and influencing government policies. In the context of foreign policy, the media acts as both a facilitator and a challenge, influencing public perception, framing international issues, and acting as an intermediary between the government and the public. The media’s influence on foreign…

Indian foreign policy is shaped by a combination of historical factors, geopolitical considerations, economic needs, and strategic interests. The key determinants that influence India’s foreign policy include: In conclusion, India’s foreign policy is a complex and multifaceted approach influenced by historical, geopolitical, economic, and strategic factors. It seeks to protect its sovereignty, enhance economic growth,…

The ‘Nehruvian Consensus’ refers to the set of guiding principles and policies formulated by Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, which shaped the country’s foreign policy in the early years after its independence in 1947. This consensus, primarily influenced by Nehru’s ideals and vision, became the cornerstone of Indian foreign policy for several decades and…

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) plays a central role in shaping and implementing India’s foreign policy. As the government body responsible for managing India’s external relations, the MEA works closely with the Prime Minister, the Cabinet, and various other government agencies to formulate and execute the country’s foreign policy objectives. The Ministry acts as…

Indo-Russian relations have undergone significant transformations since the end of the Cold War, with both challenges and opportunities shaping the trajectory of their bilateral ties. Before the Cold War, India and the Soviet Union shared a close relationship, rooted in mutual strategic, political, and economic interests. However, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in…

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union in South Asia, established on December 8, 1985. It was created with the primary objective of promoting regional cooperation and development in South Asia. The organization aims to improve the lives of the people of South Asia by fostering…