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The India-China border dispute is one of the most significant and longstanding territorial conflicts in the world. It has its roots in the complex historical, cultural, and geopolitical factors that have shaped the relationship between the two Asian giants. The issue primarily involves the delineation of boundaries in the Aksai Chin region in the west,…

India’s relationship with Central Asia has grown in importance over the past few decades, particularly with the realization of the region’s strategic economic, geopolitical, and energy significance. Central Asia, located at the heart of the Eurasian landmass, is a critical region for India’s foreign policy, as it offers opportunities for economic cooperation, regional connectivity, and…

Rajiv Gandhi, the sixth Prime Minister of India, held office from 1984 to 1989. His tenure was marked by significant shifts in India’s foreign policy, which reflected his vision of modernizing India’s diplomatic and strategic approach. Gandhi’s contributions to India’s foreign policy were shaped by his youthful enthusiasm, technological outlook, and belief in global cooperation….

India’s disarmament policy has been shaped by its strategic and security concerns, as well as its desire for global peace and stability. While India has consistently advocated for nuclear disarmament and the reduction of conventional arms, its approach to disarmament has been shaped by its unique position as a non-signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty…

Regional cooperation is central to addressing the global challenges faced by states today, particularly in the areas of trade, security, and environmental sustainability. In contemporary international relations, regional cooperation has evolved into a significant tool for addressing shared problems and advancing collective interests, especially in an era of globalization. 1. Economic and Trade Cooperation Regional…

India’s Look East Policy (LEP) was a significant shift in India’s foreign policy approach, aimed at fostering stronger economic, political, and security ties with the countries of East and Southeast Asia. This policy was formally initiated in the early 1990s, primarily under the leadership of Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao, and became more prominent during…

India’s response to the Iraq crisis—particularly the 2003 invasion of Iraq led by the United States—was shaped by a combination of its longstanding foreign policy principles, regional security interests, and international relationships. This response underscores India’s evolving position in global geopolitics, its commitment to multilateralism, and its strategic considerations in the Middle East and broader…

India’s role in the United Nations (UN) has been a cornerstone of its foreign policy, reflecting its commitment to multilateralism, international peace, and the promotion of social justice. India, a founding member of the UN, has always supported the principles of the UN Charter and emphasized its role in fostering a rules-based international order. Over…

International terrorism refers to terrorist activities that transcend national borders and involve non-state actors or groups engaging in acts of violence with global implications. These acts are typically aimed at achieving political, ideological, or religious goals and can target civilian populations, infrastructure, or governments. International terrorism is distinct in that it involves cross-border coordination, global…

Pokhran-II refers to a series of nuclear tests conducted by India in May 1998 at the Pokhran Test Range in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. These tests were a follow-up to India’s first nuclear test, Smiling Buddha, which was carried out in 1974. Pokhran-II was a significant milestone in India’s nuclear capabilities, as it demonstrated…

The role of the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) in India has evolved significantly over the years, especially in the domain of foreign policy-making. Traditionally, foreign policy in India was managed by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), but over time, the PMO has gained substantial influence in shaping the country’s international relations. This shift has…

In a democratic setup like India, foreign policy is not the exclusive domain of the ruling party or the executive; it involves multiple stakeholders, including political parties. The role of political parties in shaping and influencing India’s foreign policy has evolved, especially in the context of the country’s democratic framework, where electoral processes and political…