The political and economic relationship between India and the United States has undergone a remarkable transformation since the Cold War era. Initially defined by strategic mistrust and ideological divergence, the bilateral ties have evolved into a “comprehensive global strategic partnership” characterized by mutual interests in trade, defence, regional stability, and democratic values. The shift from…
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Assess India’s Economic Liberalisation and Privatisation Programme
India’s economic liberalisation and privatisation programme, launched in 1991, marked a watershed moment in the country’s economic history. The New Economic Policy (NEP) introduced under Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao and then-Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh aimed to transition the Indian economy from a state-controlled model to a more market-oriented one. The reforms responded…
Explain the factors contributing to the making of India’s foreign policy.
India’s foreign policy has evolved significantly since its independence in 1947, reflecting changes in global power dynamics, national priorities, leadership vision, and economic capabilities. Foreign policy refers to a nation’s strategy in dealing with other states and international actors, encompassing diplomacy, defense, trade, and multilateral engagements. India’s foreign policy is rooted in the ideals of…
What are the powers and functions of the PMO? Describe.
The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) is the administrative apparatus that assists the Prime Minister of India in discharging their responsibilities efficiently. Functioning as the nerve centre of governance and policy coordination, the PMO plays a crucial role in the Indian political system. While it is not a constitutional body, its significance is derived from the…
How does India respond to world affairs?
India, as the world’s largest democracy and a rapidly growing economy, holds a distinct and evolving position in world affairs. Its responses are informed by historical experiences, geopolitical interests, economic aspirations, and its vision for a multipolar world. India’s foreign policy is characterized by strategic autonomy, peaceful coexistence, and a desire to contribute constructively to…
Describe any two global environmental issues and their implications for sustainable development.
Introduction: Global environmental issues are challenges that transcend national borders and require collective action for their resolution. These issues affect ecosystems, biodiversity, and the overall health of the planet, posing significant threats to sustainable development. Sustainable development, defined by the United Nations as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability…
Analyze various dimensions related to the sustainable use of natural resources.
Introduction: Sustainable use of natural resources refers to the management and utilization of resources in a way that ensures their availability for future generations. This concept is central to sustainable development, which balances economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. Natural resources, such as water, land, forests, minerals, and biodiversity, are the foundation for human…
We discharge our roles following a particular lifestyle that may not be compatible with sustainable development.
Introduction: Human societies, through their lifestyles, significantly influence the planet’s ecological and environmental health. The statement implies that the way we live — our consumption habits, production practices, and overall way of life — may not align with the principles of sustainable development. Sustainable development emphasizes meeting the needs of the present without compromising the…
Discuss South-East Asia’s geopolitical connections with India.
South-East Asia holds significant geopolitical importance in India’s foreign policy due to its strategic location, economic dynamism, and historical ties. Geographically, South-East Asia is located at the crossroads of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, making it a region that has long been integral to India’s trade routes, security considerations, and broader foreign policy objectives. India’s…
Explain the ways in which Indian Foreign Policy has evolved.
Indian foreign policy has evolved significantly since its independence in 1947, reflecting the changing global landscape, regional dynamics, and India’s evolving domestic needs. From a policy of non-alignment and economic self-reliance to becoming a global player with active participation in multilateral institutions, the transformation of India’s foreign policy can be categorized into various phases: 2.1…
Evaluate India’s Relationship with the European Union (EU)
India’s relationship with the European Union (EU) has evolved over the years into a significant and multifaceted partnership, influenced by both shared historical ties and contemporary geopolitical realities. The European Union, as a political and economic union, is a crucial player in global affairs, and its engagement with India reflects mutual interests in trade, security,…
What Factors Led to the Formation of SAARC?
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), established in 1985, is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising eight countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The primary objective of SAARC is to promote economic and regional integration through cooperation and development. The formation of SAARC was driven by several political, economic,…