IGNOUMATIC

The first two decades of India’s independence, from 1947 to the early 1970s, witnessed significant strides in both political democracy and economic development, albeit with challenges and complexities along the way.  Political Democracy: 1. Constitutional Framework: India adopted a democratic Constitution in 1950, which guaranteed fundamental rights, universal adult suffrage, and a parliamentary form of…

The Karachi Resolution, also known as the Karachi Session Resolution, was a landmark document adopted by the All India Congress Committee (AICC) during its annual session held in Karachi from March 23 to 29, 1931. This resolution marked a significant shift in the Congress Party’s approach to India’s struggle for independence and laid the groundwork…

The Tebhaga Movement was a significant agrarian struggle that emerged in Bengal, India, during the late 1940s. It aimed to address the exploitative sharecropping system prevalent in the region, where sharecroppers (tenants) were subjected to oppressive terms by landowners. Named after the demand for a 2/3 share of the produce (Tebhaga meaning “two-thirds”), the movement…

New media technology has significantly reshaped the landscape of democracy and development, bringing about both opportunities and challenges in their wake.  Impact on Democracy: 1. Enhanced Information Access: New media technologies such as social media platforms, online news portals, and mobile applications have democratized access to information, enabling citizens to stay informed about political events,…

The impact of new media technology on democracy and development has been profound, reshaping the way information is disseminated, opinions are formed, and governance is conducted. From social media platforms to online news portals, digital technologies have democratized access to information, facilitated citizen engagement, and transformed the dynamics of political participation and social mobilization. This…

The Panchayati Raj System in India, established to decentralize power and promote local self-governance, has undergone significant evolution since its inception. The Ashok Mehta Committee, appointed in 1977, played a pivotal role in assessing the functioning of the Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs) and making recommendations for their reform. This analysis will explore the working of…

The evolution of socialist thinking in the Indian Constitution reflects the aspirations of the framers to build a just and equitable society through democratic means. While the term “socialism” was added to the Preamble through the 42nd Amendment in 1976, the constitutional provisions embodying socialist principles were present from the inception of the Constitution. This…

The ongoing debate on democracy encompasses a wide range of perspectives, critiques, and challenges that have emerged in response to the complexities and uncertainties of contemporary political landscapes. While democracy is widely regarded as the most legitimate and inclusive form of governance, scholars, policymakers, and activists continue to grapple with fundamental questions about its efficacy,…

The agencies of development encompass a wide range of actors, including governments, international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), civil society groups, and grassroots movements, all of which play a crucial role in promoting the rights and empowerment of women. Their contributions vary in scope and impact, ranging from policy formulation and advocacy to direct service provision…

The Parliament of India, as the supreme legislative body, plays a pivotal role in the country’s political system. Comprising two houses—the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States)—the Indian Parliament is responsible for making laws, scrutinizing the government’s actions, and representing the diverse interests of the Indian populace. This…

Interest groups play a significant role in the functioning of democracy by representing the diverse interests and preferences of citizens, influencing public policy, and fostering political participation and accountability. These groups, also known as advocacy groups, pressure groups, or lobby groups, represent specific interests, such as business interests, labor unions, environmental organizations, and civil rights…

The evolution of peasant movements in India is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon shaped by historical, social, economic, and political factors. From colonial-era struggles against agrarian exploitation to contemporary movements for land rights and agrarian reforms, peasant movements have been central to the struggle for social justice, economic equity, and rural development. This discussion will…