The North-South divide in the global environmental crisis refers to the disproportionate impact of environmental degradation, climate change, and ecological crises on countries and regions in the Global South compared to those in the Global North. This divide reflects historical patterns of unequal development, economic exploitation, and environmental degradation, as well as systemic inequalities in…
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How is underdevelopment different from development? Discuss the basic features of the theory of underdevelopment.
Underdevelopment and development represent two contrasting stages in the socioeconomic progression of societies. Underdevelopment refers to the condition in which a society lags behind in terms of economic growth, technological advancement, social progress, and overall well-being compared to more developed counterparts. Development, on the other hand, signifies the process of economic, social, and institutional transformation…
Critically examine the feminist view of state and its relevance to International Relations.
The feminist view of the state offers a critical lens through which to analyze power dynamics, gender relations, and structures of inequality within states and in the international system. Feminist scholars argue that traditional theories of the state have largely overlooked or marginalized women’s experiences, perspectives, and interests, perpetuating and reinforcing gender-based discrimination and oppression….
What kind of International system is envisioned by the human security agenda ?
The human security agenda envisions an international system that prioritizes the protection and well-being of individuals, communities, and societies above traditional state-centric notions of security. Rooted in the idea that security should extend beyond military defense to encompass a broad range of threats and vulnerabilities facing people around the world, the human security agenda advocates…
What role does the Diaspora play in the promotion of transnational movements ? Assess.
The diaspora, defined as a dispersed community of people with a common ethnic, cultural, or national identity living outside their country of origin, plays a significant role in the promotion of transnational movements. These movements encompass a wide range of activities and initiatives that transcend national borders and involve diaspora communities in political, economic, social,…
What is the condition of national minorities in Central Asia since the disintegration of the Soviet Union (USSR) ? Elaborate.
Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, the condition of national minorities in Central Asia has been characterized by a complex interplay of socio-political, economic, and cultural factors. Central Asia, comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, is home to diverse ethnic groups, languages, and cultures, many of which have faced challenges in…
Write an essay on Transnational Corporations Accountability of Human Rights.
Transnational Corporations (TNCs) play a significant role in the global economy, driving economic growth, innovation, and employment opportunities. However, their operations can also impact human rights, labor standards, and environmental sustainability, raising questions about their accountability and responsibility. This essay explores the accountability of Transnational Corporations for human rights violations, examining the challenges and mechanisms…
Critically examine the concept of self-determination in its applicability to multi-ethnic societies.
The concept of self-determination, which asserts the right of a people to freely determine their political status, pursue their economic, social, and cultural development, has been a cornerstone of international law and politics. However, its applicability to multi-ethnic societies has been a subject of debate and contention due to the complex dynamics of identity, ethnicity,…
What is the difference between Foreign Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment ?
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Portfolio Investment are two distinct forms of investment that involve capital flows across international borders. While both types of investment contribute to economic growth and development, they differ in terms of their objectives, ownership structures, level of control, and investment duration. This essay explores the differences between Foreign Direct Investment…
What are the implications of the New World Order for India ? Assess the options available in the given situation.
The New World Order, characterized by shifting global power dynamics, geopolitical realignments, and emerging challenges, presents both opportunities and challenges for India. As a rising power with significant economic, political, and strategic interests, India’s response to the New World Order will shape its trajectory and influence its role in global affairs. This essay assesses the…
Explain ‘relocation’ of the idea of middle power and emerging power.
The concepts of middle power and emerging power have undergone significant transformation and relocation in the context of shifting global dynamics, geopolitical realities, and economic developments. Traditionally, middle powers were defined as states that wielded moderate influence in international affairs, occupying a position between major powers and small states. Emerging powers, on the other hand,…
Analyse the Asian and African approaches for regional cooperation. How do they differ from each other ?
Asian and African approaches to regional cooperation are shaped by unique historical, geopolitical, and socio-economic factors, leading to distinct models of regional integration and cooperation. While both regions share common goals of promoting economic development, political stability, and mutual prosperity, their approaches differ in terms of institutional frameworks, priorities, and challenges. This essay analyzes the…