India’s economic liberalisation and privatisation programme, launched in 1991, marked a watershed moment in the country’s economic history. The New Economic Policy (NEP) introduced under Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao and then-Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh aimed to transition the Indian economy from a state-controlled model to a more market-oriented one. The reforms responded…
Tag: politics
Explain the factors contributing to the making of India’s foreign policy.
India’s foreign policy has evolved significantly since its independence in 1947, reflecting changes in global power dynamics, national priorities, leadership vision, and economic capabilities. Foreign policy refers to a nation’s strategy in dealing with other states and international actors, encompassing diplomacy, defense, trade, and multilateral engagements. India’s foreign policy is rooted in the ideals of…
What are the powers and functions of the PMO? Describe.
The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) is the administrative apparatus that assists the Prime Minister of India in discharging their responsibilities efficiently. Functioning as the nerve centre of governance and policy coordination, the PMO plays a crucial role in the Indian political system. While it is not a constitutional body, its significance is derived from the…
How does India respond to world affairs?
India, as the world’s largest democracy and a rapidly growing economy, holds a distinct and evolving position in world affairs. Its responses are informed by historical experiences, geopolitical interests, economic aspirations, and its vision for a multipolar world. India’s foreign policy is characterized by strategic autonomy, peaceful coexistence, and a desire to contribute constructively to…
Marx on Surplus Value
The concept of surplus value (Mehrwert) is a cornerstone of Karl Marx’s critique of political economy, especially in his seminal work Das Kapital (1867). It represents the value produced by labor that exceeds the laborer’s wages and is appropriated by the capitalist as profit. 1. The Labour Theory of Value: Marx, building on classical economists…
Explain the Realist and Interdependence approaches to the study of India’s foreign policy.
India’s foreign policy is shaped by a variety of theoretical approaches, two of the most prominent being Realism and Interdependence. Both approaches offer different perspectives on how India navigates its relations with other countries, balancing national interests, security, and economic growth in a globalized world. Realist Approach: Realism in international relations emphasizes the centrality of…
Discuss India’s World View
India’s worldview has undergone a significant transformation over the past few decades, shaped by its historical experience, geopolitical realities, and economic imperatives. India’s foreign policy is influenced by its diverse cultural heritage, the desire for regional stability, and its aspirations to play a more prominent role in global governance. The key elements of India’s worldview…
India-Latin America Relations
India’s relations with Latin America have been steadily growing, particularly in the post-Cold War era. Historically, these relations were not as strong as those with other regions like the United States or Europe, but since the 1990s, both regions have worked to strengthen political, economic, and cultural ties. Latin America is of strategic importance to…
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member countries located primarily in Europe. It was founded with the goal of fostering economic cooperation and promoting peace and stability across Europe. Over time, the EU has evolved from a simple economic agreement into a complex organization with a wide range of…
Contribution of people’s movements to the betterment of the environment
People’s movements have played a significant role in advancing environmental causes, particularly in the context of raising awareness, advocating for sustainable practices, and influencing policy changes. These movements often arise from the grassroots level, driven by local communities, activists, and concerned citizens. They address a range of environmental issues, including deforestation, pollution, climate change, and…
Explain the role of civil society in furthering environmental causes by citing examples of various global, regional, and national NGOs.
Introduction: Civil society plays a crucial role in advancing environmental causes worldwide. It encompasses a broad spectrum of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), grassroots movements, activists, and community-based organizations that engage in environmental advocacy, policy influence, and sustainable practices. Civil society organizations (CSOs) often fill gaps left by governments and the private sector, providing services, raising awareness,…
Critically analyse the problems and challenges confronted by governments in harmonising development policies with sound environmental policies.
Introduction: Harmonizing development policies with environmental protection is a major challenge for governments around the world. As nations strive for economic growth and development, the pressures on natural resources increase, often leading to environmental degradation. In the quest for development, issues such as poverty, industrial growth, urbanization, and population increase often conflict with the need…