Comparing the Nature and Functions of International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) and International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) and International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) play crucial roles in the global arena, addressing issues that transcend national boundaries. Despite their shared goal of fostering international cooperation and development, their nature, structure, and functions differ significantly. Nature…
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Détente
Détente refers to a period of relaxation and easing of tensions between rival powers, particularly during the Cold War era. Emerging in the late 1960s, détente represented a shift away from the intense ideological and military confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union towards a more cooperative and pragmatic approach to international relations….
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world’s largest regional security organization, encompassing 57 participating states from North America, Europe, and Central Asia. Established in 1975 as the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) during the Cold War, it was restructured as the OSCE in 1995 to reflect its…
SAARC
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional intergovernmental organization established in 1985 to promote economic and regional integration among South Asian countries. Its member states include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. SAARC aims to foster cooperation in various areas such as trade, investment, agriculture, health, education,…
South-South Cooperation
South-South Cooperation (SSC) refers to the collaboration and exchange of resources, knowledge, and expertise among developing countries to promote mutual development and address common challenges. Unlike traditional North-South aid relations, which involve assistance from developed countries to developing ones, SSC emphasizes solidarity, equality, and mutual benefit among countries of the Global South. 1. Historical Context:…
Examine the features of the post-Cold War World.
The post-Cold War era, following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, witnessed profound transformations in global politics, economics, and security. This essay examines four key features of the post-Cold War world: unipolarity, globalization, humanitarian interventions, and new security threats. 1. Unipolarity The post-Cold War world is characterized by unipolarity, with the United States…
Outline the key underlying themes of post-modernism.
Post-modernism emerged as a philosophical and theoretical movement in the late 20th century, challenging the modernist assumptions of universal truths, objective knowledge, and linear progress. Instead, post-modernism emphasizes the plurality of perspectives, the contingency of knowledge, and the importance of language, power, and discourse in shaping social reality. This essay outlines four key underlying themes…
Discuss the core elements of Marxist approach to International Relations.
The Marxist approach to International Relations (IR) offers a critical perspective on global politics, focusing on the role of capitalism, class struggle, imperialism, and economic inequality in shaping international dynamics. Rooted in Marxist theory, this approach emphasizes the structural constraints imposed by the capitalist mode of production and the pursuit of class interests by dominant…
Briefly explain how indigenous movements have spread in various parts of the world.
Indigenous movements, advocating for the rights, recognition, and empowerment of indigenous peoples, have gained momentum across various parts of the world in recent decades. These movements have emerged in response to historical injustices, dispossession of ancestral lands, cultural marginalization, and systemic discrimination faced by indigenous communities. This essay explores the factors contributing to the global…
What is the condition of national minorities in Central Asia since the disintegration of the USSR ?
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 brought significant changes to the political, social, and economic landscape of Central Asia. As the newly independent states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan emerged, the condition of national minorities within these countries became a matter of concern. This essay explores the situation of national minorities…
How has media influenced international culture ?
Media, encompassing various forms such as television, film, music, literature, and the internet, has played a profound role in shaping international culture. Through globalization and technological advancements, media has become increasingly accessible and pervasive, leading to the spread of ideas, values, and cultural practices across borders. This essay examines how media has influenced international culture…
Examine the Provisions of NPT and CTBT.
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) are two pivotal international agreements aimed at controlling the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting disarmament. Each treaty has distinct provisions and objectives that address different aspects of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)1….