The movements of the rural poor and rural rich represent contrasting dynamics within agrarian societies, reflecting divergent socio-economic interests, grievances, and mobilization strategies. While both groups may engage in collective action to address issues affecting rural livelihoods, their objectives, priorities, and outcomes often differ significantly. This essay distinguishes between the movements of the rural poor…
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Examine the relationship between the idea of justice and role of women in political process.
The relationship between the idea of justice and the role of women in the political process is a complex and dynamic one, reflecting broader societal norms, cultural values, and power dynamics. Justice, in its various dimensions, encompasses principles of fairness, equality, and rights, which are intrinsically linked to the empowerment and participation of women in…
What are the causes of over-urbanisation in India ? How can this be reduced ?
Over-urbanization in India refers to the rapid and unplanned growth of cities beyond their carrying capacity, leading to a range of socio-economic, environmental, and infrastructural challenges. Several factors contribute to over-urbanization in India, including rural-urban migration, population growth, lack of adequate urban planning, and economic disparities. Addressing over-urbanization requires comprehensive strategies that promote balanced regional…
Write an essay on the ethnic challenge to nation-building in India.
India, with its diverse ethnic, linguistic, and cultural landscape, faces significant challenges to nation-building due to ethnic diversity and identity politics. The country’s multi-ethnic composition has contributed to complex dynamics of identity, belonging, and political mobilization, posing challenges to the cohesive development of a unified national identity. This essay explores the ethnic challenge to nation-building…
Analyse the relationship between caste and class and its impact on the political process.
The relationship between caste and class in India is complex and deeply intertwined, shaping social hierarchies, economic opportunities, and political dynamics. Caste refers to the hierarchical social stratification based on birth, while class refers to economic distinctions based on wealth, income, and occupation. This essay analyzes the relationship between caste and class and its impact…
Discuss the emerging contradiction between the economics of liberalisation and the politics of empowerment.
The emergence of liberalization in the economic sphere and the pursuit of empowerment in the political domain has given rise to a complex set of contradictions in contemporary societies. While liberalization aims to promote economic growth, efficiency, and market-oriented policies, empowerment seeks to foster social justice, equity, and democratic participation. This essay explores the emerging…
Critically examine the role of parliament in the socio-economic transformation of India.
Ans: The role of Parliament in the socio-economic transformation of India has been significant, serving as a crucial institution for shaping policies, legislations, and frameworks aimed at addressing the country’s developmental challenges. Through debates, discussions, and lawmaking, Parliament plays a pivotal role in formulating and implementing policies that impact various aspects of socio-economic development. This…
Examine the tension-areas in Centre-State relations.
Centre-State relations in India have been marked by various tensions and challenges since the country’s independence in 1947. These tensions arise from the division of powers and responsibilities between the central and state governments, as outlined in the Constitution of India. This essay examines some of the key tension areas in Centre-State relations. Legislative Jurisdiction…
Examine Gandhi’s contribution of the economic thinking in the early National Movement.
Mahatma Gandhi, a towering figure in the Indian National Movement, made significant contributions to economic thinking that profoundly influenced the movement’s ideology and strategies. His ideas on economic self-reliance, decentralization, and social justice laid the foundation for a unique approach to economic development that prioritized the welfare of the masses and aimed at achieving Swaraj…
Public Interest Litigation (PM).
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal mechanism that allows individuals and organizations to seek judicial intervention in matters of public interest. Unlike traditional litigation, where parties directly affected by a dispute are involved, PIL enables concerned citizens, activists, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to file petitions on behalf of marginalized or disadvantaged groups or to…
Women in Development (WID)
Women in Development (WID) is a framework that emerged in the 1970s as a response to the recognition that women’s contributions to development were often overlooked, marginalized, or undervalued. It seeks to address gender disparities in development processes and outcomes by integrating women into development policies, programs, and projects. This essay explores the key principles,…
What is market economy ? Explain its advantages and disadvantages.
A market economy, also known as a free market economy or capitalism, is an economic system in which the production, distribution, and pricing of goods and services are determined primarily by the interactions of individuals and businesses within a competitive market environment, with minimal government intervention. In a market economy, the forces of supply and…