Two Regional Issues Influencing Sustainable Development of Nations Sustainable development, defined by the Brundtland Commission (1987) as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs,” is increasingly influenced by regional challenges. These challenges, while often local in origin, have broad implications for environmental…
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Define inter and intra generational equity and justice.Explain why these are important for sustainable development.
Inter and Intra-generational Equity and Justice: Definitions and Relevance to Sustainable Development The concepts of inter-generational and intra-generational equity and justice are foundational pillars in the discourse of sustainable development. These are not just high-sounding academic jargons but practical values that resonate deeply with ancient Indian wisdom, like the Sanskrit dictum: “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”—the world is…
Examine the performance of democracy in India in the last six decades.
Examining the performance of democracy in India over the last six decades reveals a complex and dynamic trajectory marked by both achievements and challenges. Since gaining independence in 1947, India has established itself as the world’s largest democracy, characterized by periodic elections, vibrant political competition, and a commitment to constitutional principles. However, the effectiveness of…
Analyse the paradigm shift from women in development to gender and development.
The shift from “women in development” (WID) to “gender and development” (GAD) represents a fundamental evolution in development discourse, policy frameworks, and approaches towards addressing gender inequality and promoting women’s empowerment. While WID focused primarily on integrating women into development processes as beneficiaries or participants, GAD adopts a broader perspective that acknowledges gender as a…
Describe the evolution of religious politics in India and its consequences.
The evolution of religious politics in India has been intertwined with the country’s complex socio-political landscape, shaped by diverse religious traditions, historical legacies, and contemporary challenges. From pre-independence struggles for religious identity to post-independence debates on secularism and communalism, religious politics has played a significant role in shaping India’s democratic polity and societal fabric. This…
Describe reasons for migration from rural to urban areas and its consequences.
Migration from rural to urban areas is a complex phenomenon influenced by a multitude of economic, social, and environmental factors. It entails the movement of people from rural communities or countryside regions to urban centers or cities in search of better opportunities, improved living standards, and enhanced quality of life. This essay will describe the…
Discuss the changing nature of local self-government after the enactment of 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments.
The enactment of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in 1992 marked a significant milestone in the evolution of local self-government in India, empowering rural and urban local bodies with constitutional status, administrative authority, and financial autonomy. These amendments aimed to decentralize governance, promote grassroots democracy, and strengthen participatory decision-making at the local level. In…
Do you agree with the statement that political parties are instruments of empowerment of people ? Give reasons for your answer.
The statement that political parties are instruments of empowerment of people is both nuanced and contentious, as it hinges on various factors such as the functioning of political parties, their relationship with citizens, and the broader context of democratic governance. While political parties can serve as vehicles for citizen empowerment in theory, their actual impact…
What is meant by LPG package ? What role has it played in development economics of India ?
The term “LPG package” refers to the liberalization, privatization, and globalization policies adopted by the Indian government in the early 1990s as part of economic reforms aimed at liberalizing the economy, reducing government intervention, and integrating India into the global economy. LPG signifies a shift from a state-dominated, closed economy to a more market-oriented, open…
Examine the nature of relationship between the executive and judiciary in India.
The relationship between the executive and the judiciary in India is characterized by a delicate balance of power, mutual respect for constitutional roles, and occasional tensions arising from divergent interpretations of law, policy disputes, and institutional prerogatives. This relationship is essential for upholding the rule of law, ensuring accountability, and safeguarding constitutional principles in the…
Discuss the role of military in politics. How do you see it in the Indian context ?
The role of the military in politics has been a subject of debate and contention in many countries, with implications for governance, democracy, and civil-military relations. Historically, the military has played diverse roles in politics, ranging from direct intervention in governance to indirect influence over policy decisions and national security matters. In the Indian context,…
What was the debate on control and planning at the time of Independence ?
The debate on control and planning at the time of India’s Independence was a crucial aspect of the country’s economic policy formulation, reflecting divergent views on the role of the state, market, and planning in fostering economic development and addressing socio-economic inequalities. This essay explores the key themes and perspectives that shaped the debate on…