Category: political-science

Workers and peasant movements have played pivotal roles in shaping India’s socio-economic and political landscape, advocating for the rights and interests of laborers, farmers, and rural communities. These movements emerged in response to exploitative labor practices, agrarian distress, and social injustices, seeking to challenge oppressive systems and bring about transformative change. Here, we briefly explore…

The evolution of religious politics in India is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon shaped by historical, social, and political factors. Religion has always played a significant role in Indian society, influencing culture, identity, and politics. The trajectory of religious politics in India has been marked by periods of coexistence and harmony, as well as episodes…

The Panchayati Raj system in India is a cornerstone of democratic decentralization, aimed at empowering local communities, promoting grassroots democracy, and ensuring effective governance at the grassroots level. Enshrined in the 73rd Amendment Act of the Constitution, the Panchayati Raj system institutionalizes local self-government institutions at the village, intermediate (block), and district levels, known as…

The federal system in India, as enshrined in the Constitution, divides powers and responsibilities between the central government and the state governments. This system is characterized by the distribution of legislative, executive, and financial powers between the two levels of government, with the aim of promoting unity, diversity, and cooperative federalism. Legislative Powers: India operates…

Judicial review is a fundamental aspect of the Indian legal system, allowing the judiciary to review and assess the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions. It serves as a mechanism for ensuring that government actions adhere to the principles of the Constitution and do not violate fundamental rights or exceed the limits of executive authority….

The Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha are the two houses of the Indian Parliament and play crucial roles as custodians of parliamentary democracy in India. Each house has distinct functions and powers, but together they form the cornerstone of India’s democratic governance system.  Lok Sabha: 1. Representation of the People: The Lok Sabha represents…

Class inequality in India is a multifaceted and deeply ingrained social phenomenon that manifests across various dimensions of society, including economic, educational, occupational, and social status. This inequality stems from historical factors, structural disparities, and systemic biases that perpetuate unequal distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges among different social classes.  Economic Disparities: 1. Wealth Concentration:…

The first two decades of India’s independence, from 1947 to the early 1970s, witnessed significant strides in both political democracy and economic development, albeit with challenges and complexities along the way.  Political Democracy: 1. Constitutional Framework: India adopted a democratic Constitution in 1950, which guaranteed fundamental rights, universal adult suffrage, and a parliamentary form of…

The Karachi Resolution, also known as the Karachi Session Resolution, was a landmark document adopted by the All India Congress Committee (AICC) during its annual session held in Karachi from March 23 to 29, 1931. This resolution marked a significant shift in the Congress Party’s approach to India’s struggle for independence and laid the groundwork…

The Tebhaga Movement was a significant agrarian struggle that emerged in Bengal, India, during the late 1940s. It aimed to address the exploitative sharecropping system prevalent in the region, where sharecroppers (tenants) were subjected to oppressive terms by landowners. Named after the demand for a 2/3 share of the produce (Tebhaga meaning “two-thirds”), the movement…

New media technology has significantly reshaped the landscape of democracy and development, bringing about both opportunities and challenges in their wake.  Impact on Democracy: 1. Enhanced Information Access: New media technologies such as social media platforms, online news portals, and mobile applications have democratized access to information, enabling citizens to stay informed about political events,…

The impact of new media technology on democracy and development has been profound, reshaping the way information is disseminated, opinions are formed, and governance is conducted. From social media platforms to online news portals, digital technologies have democratized access to information, facilitated citizen engagement, and transformed the dynamics of political participation and social mobilization. This…