The 1970s were a transformative decade for state politics in India, marked by significant political upheaval, regional challenges, and a shift towards greater political fragmentation. The decade witnessed a breakdown of the dominance of the Congress Party, the rise of new political forces, and regional movements that reshaped the political landscape. 1. Dominance of Congress…
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Explain the Realist and Interdependence approaches to the study of India’s foreign policy.
India’s foreign policy is shaped by a variety of theoretical approaches, two of the most prominent being Realism and Interdependence. Both approaches offer different perspectives on how India navigates its relations with other countries, balancing national interests, security, and economic growth in a globalized world. Realist Approach: Realism in international relations emphasizes the centrality of…
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member countries located primarily in Europe. It was founded with the goal of fostering economic cooperation and promoting peace and stability across Europe. Over time, the EU has evolved from a simple economic agreement into a complex organization with a wide range of…
Explain the ways in which Indian Foreign Policy has evolved.
Indian foreign policy has evolved significantly since its independence in 1947, reflecting the changing global landscape, regional dynamics, and India’s evolving domestic needs. From a policy of non-alignment and economic self-reliance to becoming a global player with active participation in multilateral institutions, the transformation of India’s foreign policy can be categorized into various phases: 2.1…
How does India deal with its neighbors?
India’s approach to its neighboring countries is guided by the principle of fostering peaceful coexistence, mutual respect, and regional cooperation. This strategy, often encapsulated in the “Neighborhood First” policy, aims to strengthen ties with neighboring nations through diplomatic engagement, economic collaboration, and infrastructural connectivity. 4.1 Bilateral Relations 4.2 Regional Initiatives 4.3 Strategic Considerations India’s neighborhood…
Evaluate India’s Relationship with the European Union (EU)
India’s relationship with the European Union (EU) has evolved over the years into a significant and multifaceted partnership, influenced by both shared historical ties and contemporary geopolitical realities. The European Union, as a political and economic union, is a crucial player in global affairs, and its engagement with India reflects mutual interests in trade, security,…
What Factors Led to the Formation of SAARC?
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), established in 1985, is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising eight countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The primary objective of SAARC is to promote economic and regional integration through cooperation and development. The formation of SAARC was driven by several political, economic,…
Discuss South-East Asia’s geopolitical connections with India.
South-East Asia holds significant geopolitical importance in India’s foreign policy due to its strategic location, economic dynamism, and historical ties. Geographically, South-East Asia is located at the crossroads of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, making it a region that has long been integral to India’s trade routes, security considerations, and broader foreign policy objectives. India’s…
Discuss the role of NGOs in protecting the environment.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a pivotal role in environmental protection at local, national, and global levels. Their functions range from grassroots mobilization to policy advocacy, making them critical players in the fight against environmental degradation. Below are the key roles played by NGOs: 1. Advocacy and Policy Influence NGOs often serve as advocates for environmental…
Describe any five major challenges in taking global initiatives for environmental protection.
Global initiatives for environmental protection face numerous challenges, as environmental issues are complex and involve various stakeholders with different priorities. The following are five major challenges: 1. Lack of Political Will One of the most significant obstacles to effective global environmental protection is the lack of political will. Many countries prioritize short-term economic growth over…
Describe five significant factors that led to divergence in the growth patterns between developed and developing countries.
The growth patterns of developed and developing countries have diverged over centuries due to a variety of historical, economic, social, and political factors. The reasons for this divergence are multifaceted, and understanding them is key to addressing the challenges faced by developing countries today. Below are five significant factors that have contributed to the differences…
Roadblocks to global initiatives on environmental protection
Global environmental protection efforts are crucial to addressing pressing issues like climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and deforestation. However, despite international efforts and initiatives, several roadblocks hinder effective global environmental action. Conclusion: While global environmental protection initiatives are critical for addressing pressing environmental challenges, several roadblocks impede their effectiveness. These include political resistance, economic interests,…