Definition of Poverty: Poverty is generally understood as the condition in which an individual or community lacks the financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living. It is a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing lack of income, access to basic services such as education and healthcare, social discrimination, and vulnerability to economic shocks. According to…
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Describe various indicators of inequality with suitable examples.
Indicators of Inequality Inequality refers to the uneven distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society. It is a multidimensional issue, reflected in various economic, social, political, and environmental aspects. Measuring inequality involves understanding its indicators, which help identify disparities and devise targeted solutions. Below are the major indicators of inequality, along with suitable…
Explain the key governance issues to change the rules and power structure towards a positive and sustainable livelihood.
Key Governance Issues in Advancing Sustainable Livelihoods Sustainable livelihoods emphasize securing and improving human wellbeing without degrading the natural environment or exacerbating social inequalities. Governance plays a pivotal role in transforming rules and power structures to support sustainable practices. However, addressing governance issues requires a shift toward inclusivity, transparency, accountability, and adaptability. Below are the…
Describe the concept of sustainable development with suitable examples. Explain the major issues and challenges which confront sustainable development.
Sustainable Development: Concept and Challenges Sustainable development is a holistic approach to growth that seeks to balance economic, social, and environmental objectives in a way that ensures the needs of the present generation are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept, popularized by the 1987 Brundtland Report…
Development and exclusion
Development and Exclusion Introduction Development is commonly understood as the process of improving the quality of life through economic growth, technological advancement, improved health care, education, and infrastructure. However, when development benefits are distributed unevenly, it often results in exclusion—the systematic marginalization of certain communities or individuals from accessing the fruits of development. This contradiction…
Discuss the concept and characteristics of liberalism.
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy that emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries as a response to the social, economic, and political upheavals of the Enlightenment era. Rooted in principles of individual liberty, equality, and limited government, liberalism seeks to protect and promote the rights and freedoms of individuals while also providing a…
Define political violence and discuss its various forms.
Political violence encompasses a broad range of actions and tactics aimed at achieving political objectives through the use of force, coercion, or intimidation. It includes both overt acts of physical violence, such as terrorism, insurgency, and armed conflict, as well as more covert forms of violence, such as state repression, political assassinations, and human rights…
Describe briefly the causes of political violence.
Political violence encompasses a wide range of actions aimed at achieving political goals through the use of force, coercion, or intimidation. It includes acts such as terrorism, insurgency, civil war, state repression, and political assassinations. The causes of political violence are complex and multifaceted, often stemming from a combination of social, economic, political, and cultural…
What is civil society?
Civil society refers to the realm of organized social life that exists outside the spheres of the state and the market, encompassing a wide range of voluntary associations, organizations, and networks formed by individuals and groups to pursue common interests, express their views, and advance social, cultural, and political goals. Civil society plays a crucial…
Write a note on inequality in the contemporary world.
Inequality in the Contemporary World: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions Inequality is a pervasive and complex issue that affects societies around the world, manifesting in various forms such as economic disparities, social exclusion, and unequal access to opportunities and resources. In the contemporary world, inequality has become increasingly pronounced, driven by a combination of economic, political,…
Discuss various conceptions and types of democracy.
Democracy, as a political system, encompasses a variety of conceptions and types, each with its own principles, structures, and practices. From direct democracy to representative democracy and beyond, the concept of democracy has evolved over time, reflecting different historical contexts, cultural values, and philosophical perspectives. Understanding the various conceptions and types of democracy is essential…
Democratic Socialism
Democratic socialism is a political ideology and economic system that combines elements of socialism with principles of democracy, advocating for social ownership of the means of production, equitable distribution of wealth, and democratic control of economic institutions. Democratic socialism seeks to address the inequalities and injustices inherent in capitalist societies while upholding democratic values, individual…