India, as the world’s largest democracy and a rapidly growing economy, holds a distinct and evolving position in world affairs. Its responses are informed by historical experiences, geopolitical interests, economic aspirations, and its vision for a multipolar world. India’s foreign policy is characterized by strategic autonomy, peaceful coexistence, and a desire to contribute constructively to global governance.
1. India’s Approach to World Affairs: Principles and Framework
India’s response to global developments is guided by principles enshrined in the Constitution and the Panchsheel doctrine—mutual respect for sovereignty, non-aggression, non-interference, equality, and peaceful coexistence. The Nehruvian policy of non-alignment laid the foundation for independent decision-making in global politics, and this ethos continues today under the strategic autonomy framework.
- Strategic Autonomy: India avoids becoming a part of formal military alliances while maintaining friendly relations with major global powers. This is evident in its balancing act between the U.S., Russia, and China.
- Multipolarity: India supports a multipolar world order, promoting greater representation of developing countries in global institutions such as the UN Security Council and the World Trade Organization.
2. Active Participation in Global Institutions
India has increasingly taken on a more assertive role in global multilateral forums.
- United Nations: India has been a major troop contributor to UN peacekeeping missions and has consistently advocated for UNSC reforms to include itself as a permanent member.
- G20 and BRICS: India is an active participant in G20 summits, advocating for equitable global economic policies. As a member of BRICS, India promotes south-south cooperation and multipolarity.
Vocabulary tip: Assertive means confident and forceful. A good word to use when describing foreign policy shifts.
3. Response to Global Crises
India’s diplomatic responses to international crises reflect its values and strategic concerns.
- Russia-Ukraine War: India has maintained a neutral stance, abstaining from UN resolutions while calling for peace and dialogue. This approach maintains India’s ties with Russia (a key defence partner) and the West.
- Afghanistan Crisis (2021): India responded with humanitarian aid and has maintained a cautious engagement with the Taliban regime, balancing regional security with humanitarian concerns.
Grammar tip: Use the present perfect tense (e.g., “India has maintained…”) when discussing events with continuing relevance.
4. Regional Diplomacy and the “Neighbourhood First” Policy
India responds proactively to regional affairs, promoting peace and stability in South Asia.
- SAARC and BIMSTEC: Although SAARC remains dormant due to Indo-Pak tensions, India actively supports BIMSTEC as a platform for regional cooperation.
- Humanitarian Assistance: India has extended assistance to Nepal (earthquake 2015), Sri Lanka (economic crisis 2022), and Maldives, enhancing its regional goodwill.
5. India’s Global Health and Climate Diplomacy
India has taken a leading role in health and climate initiatives.
- Vaccine Maitri: During the COVID-19 pandemic, India supplied vaccines to over 70 countries, enhancing its image as a global public goods provider.
- Climate Change: India has committed to the Paris Agreement and launched the International Solar Alliance (ISA), promoting renewable energy and sustainable development.
Conclusion
India’s response to world affairs is rooted in a blend of idealism and pragmatism. Its efforts to maintain strategic autonomy while engaging constructively with all major powers underscore a maturing foreign policy. With growing economic and geopolitical influence, India continues to shape global affairs in accordance with its national interests and global responsibilities.
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