IGNOUMATIC

Definition of Sustainable Development:

Sustainable Development refers to a model of progress that seeks to balance economic growth, environmental protection, and social well-being in such a manner that the needs of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept was famously defined in the Brundtland Report (1987) by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), also known as Our Common Future.

“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
— Brundtland Commission, 1987

This approach advocates long-term strategies, emphasizes the prudent use of natural resources, and promotes equitable opportunities for all.

Four Objectives of Sustainable Development:

1. Environmental Protection:
   Sustainable development promotes the conservation of natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the responsible use of natural resources. It encourages reducing pollution, waste, and environmental degradation.
2. Economic Growth with Equity:
   It aims to foster economic development that is inclusive, reduces poverty, and ensures fair distribution of wealth and opportunities, especially for marginalized and underprivileged communities.
3. Social Inclusion and Justice:
   Sustainable development prioritizes reducing inequality, promoting access to education, healthcare, and employment, and safeguarding human rights. Social sustainability ensures that development uplifts all segments of society.
4. Intergenerational Equity:
   A key objective is to ensure that future generations inherit a world that is not depleted of its resources or ecological health. This implies maintaining the planet’s capacity to sustain life and provide resources.

Vocabulary Tip: The word equity (noun) refers to fairness and justice. It differs from equality, which means treating everyone the same. Sustainable development prefers equity because different groups may need different support.

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(b) Explain briefly the Ecosystem Approach. List four actions which are applied for this approach. (5 marks)

Definition and Explanation:

The Ecosystem Approach is a strategy for integrated management of land, water, and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. It is based on the understanding that humans are an integral part of ecosystems and that ecological processes must be maintained to support biodiversity, livelihoods, and human well-being.

This approach was endorsed at the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and involves applying scientific, traditional, and adaptive methods to manage ecosystems holistically.

The approach recognizes:

• The complexity of ecosystems.
• The interdependence between ecological, economic, and social systems.
• The need for adaptive management in the face of uncertainties.

Four Key Actions Applied in the Ecosystem Approach:

1. Integrated Resource Management:
   All components of the ecosystem, including human activities, are considered in planning and decision-making. This helps minimize adverse environmental impacts and fosters sustainable resource use.
2. Decentralized and Participatory Governance:
   Involving local communities, indigenous populations, and other stakeholders in ecosystem management helps ensure that decisions are equitable, culturally appropriate, and more sustainable.
3. Adaptive Management and Use of Scientific Knowledge:
   Continuous monitoring and flexibility in strategies based on evolving scientific data and ecological feedback are crucial. This adaptive cycle allows policies to evolve with ecological realities.
4. Conservation of Ecosystem Services:
   The ecosystem approach emphasizes the preservation of ecosystem services such as clean water, fertile soil, and pollination. These services are vital for both ecological balance and human survival.

Grammar Tip: “Ecosystem approach is a strategy” uses the singular verb is because “approach” is singular. Always align subject and verb in number and person.

Vocabulary Perk: The word holistic (adjective) refers to an approach that considers the whole system rather than just parts. It’s commonly used in environmental, medical, and educational contexts.

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Summary:

Sustainable development integrates environmental, economic, and social dimensions, striving for a balance that benefits current and future generations. The ecosystem approach, as an operational strategy, reinforces this vision by managing natural systems and human interactions in a coordinated and participatory manner. These foundational principles are essential for shaping a sustainable future and ensuring environmental justice.