The United Nations (UN) has played a pivotal role in shaping and applying the concept of self-determination, transforming it from a principle espoused by early 20th-century nationalists into a fundamental tenet of international law and human rights. This concept, which allows peoples to determine their own political status and pursue their own economic, social, and…
Compare the salient features of the Old and New World Order.
The concepts of the Old and New World Order pertain to the distinct frameworks of global power relations and international dynamics that have shaped global politics at different periods. The Old World Order generally refers to the geopolitical landscape that existed during the Cold War era, while the New World Order pertains to the period…
Feminist vision of human rights and nationalism.
The feminist vision of human rights and nationalism offers a critical perspective on traditional interpretations of these concepts. It challenges the patriarchal underpinnings and gender biases inherent in mainstream human rights discourse and nationalist ideologies. Feminist theorists argue for the recognition of women’s rights as human rights and advocate for an inclusive, intersectional approach that…
What do you understand by sustainable development ?
Sustainable development is a comprehensive and integrative concept that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This notion, popularized by the Brundtland Commission in its 1987 report “Our Common Future,” encompasses economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. Sustainable development requires balancing…
Bring out the key arguments of the dependency approach in International Relations.
The dependency approach, also known as dependency theory, emerged in the mid-20th century as a critique of modernization theory and the prevailing economic order that was seen as perpetuating global inequality. Primarily developed by scholars from Latin America, such as Raúl Prebisch, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, and Andre Gunder Frank, dependency theory focuses on the relationships…
Distinguish between realist and non-realist approaches to International Relations.
International Relations (IR) theory encompasses various approaches that seek to explain how states interact within the international system. Among these, Realism stands out as one of the most influential and longstanding paradigms. Non-realist approaches, which include Liberalism, Constructivism, Marxism, and Feminism, offer alternative perspectives that challenge the assumptions of Realism. This essay outlines the key…
What role do you envisage for India in the evolving new global order ? Explain
As the global order undergoes significant transformations, driven by shifts in economic power, technological advancements, and geopolitical realignments, India stands poised to play a pivotal role. This role is shaped by its growing economic clout, strategic geographical position, demographic advantages, and active engagement in international diplomacy. In the evolving new global order, India is likely…
Analyse the role of the World Bank and IMF in the management.
The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are two of the most influential international financial institutions (IFIs) that play critical roles in global economic management. Established in 1944 during the Bretton Woods Conference, these institutions have distinct but complementary functions aimed at fostering global economic stability, development, and cooperation. This analysis explores their…
Describe the objectives and the organisational structure of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
regulate and facilitate international trade between nations. It officially commenced operations on January 1, 1995, succeeding the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which had been in place since 1948. The WTO aims to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible. This essay outlines the key objectives and the organizational…
What in your assessment are the salient characteristics of the current phase of globalisation ?
Globalization, the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, has evolved significantly over the past few decades. The current phase of globalization is characterized by several salient features that differentiate it from earlier periods. These characteristics include technological advancements, shifting economic power, rising protectionism, complex global supply chains, increased digital connectivity, and heightened focus…
Write a note on Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC).
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum established in 1989 with the primary goal of fostering sustainable economic growth and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. Comprising 21 member economies, APEC aims to promote free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region, which includes some of the world’s most dynamic and fast-growing economies….
Is India an ’emerging’ or middle power ? Or, both ? Explain.
India’s status on the global stage has been a subject of extensive analysis and debate. The terms “emerging power” and “middle power” are often used to describe India’s position in international relations, and understanding whether India fits one or both categories requires an examination of its economic growth, geopolitical influence, and strategic behavior. Emerging PowerThe…